ဒီပံုေတြကို ပရိုဖစ္ရွင္နယ္ ဓာတ္ပံုပညာရွင္ " ဂရိတ္ ဟိုးဝါတ္" ( Grete Howard ) မွေက်းဇူးျပဳပါတယ္။ အသက္ ၅၀ အရြယ္ ေနာ္ေဝး ဇာတိ ဂရိတ္ဟိုးဝါတ္ ဟာ အဂၤလန္ သားႏွင့္ အိမ္ေထာင္က်ျပီး အဂၤလန္မွာေနပါတယ္။ သူမအေၾကာင္း အျပည့္အစုံကို ေအာက္ကေပးထားတဲ့ website address မွာသြားဖတ္ႏိုင္ပါတယ္။
တျခား UNESCO စာရင္းဝင္ ယဥ္ေက်းမႈ ဆိုင္ရာ ေနရာ၊ေဒသ၊ အေဆာက္ဦး ပံုေတြကို လည္းသြားေရာက္ေလ့လာႏိုင္ပါေသးတယ္။
Grete Howard' Profile
http://www.flickr.com/people/11683866@N06/
UNESCO website မွာသြားၾကည့္မယ္ဆိုရင္ တကယ္ကို ေကာင္းတဲ့ ႐ိုက္ခ်က္ေတြကို ၃ ဘက္ျမင္ ၊ ေလးဘက္ျမင္ အေနႏွင့္ၾကည့္ရပါမယ္။
လိပ္စာက http://whc.unesco.org
လာဖတ္ပါတယ္
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ခင္မင္လ်က္
sources, including Tibetan translations of Dharmakayavidhi and Madhyamaka Ratnapradipa, Taranatha's history and Pag-Sam-Jon-Zang, mention that Dharmapala's successor Devapala (circa 810—850) built it after his conquest of Varendra.[7] The Paharpur pillar inscription bears the mention of 5th regnal year of Devapala's successor Mahendrapala (circa 850—854) along with the name of Bhiksu Ajayagarbha.[7] Taranatha's Pag Sam Jon Zang records that the monastery was repaired and renovated during the reign of Mahipala (circa 995—1043 AD).[7]
ReplyDeleteThe Nalanda inscription of Vipulashrimitra records that the monastery was destroyed by fire, which also killed Vipulashrimitra's ancestor Karunashrimitra, during a conquest by the Vanga army in the 11th century, assumed to be an army of the Varman rulers.[7] About a century later Vipulashrimitra renovated the vihara and added a temple of Tara. The restoration work was alluded to as jagatang netraika vishrama bhuh (a singular feast to the eyes of the world).[7]
Atisha Dipankar Srijnan stayed here for many years and translated the Madhyamaka Ratnapradipa into Tibetan.[7] Over time Atish's spiritual preceptor, Ratnakara Shanti served as a sthavira of the vihara, Mahapanditacharya Bodhibhadra served as a resident monk, and several other scholars spent some part of their lives at this monastery including Kalamahapada, Viryendra and Karunashrimitra.[7] Many Tibetan monks visited the Somapura between 9th and 12th centuries[7]
During the rule of the Sena dynasty, known as Karnatadeshatagata Brahmaksatriya, in the second half of the 12th century the vihara started to decline for the last time. It was finally abandoned during the 13th century, when the area came under Muslim occupation.[7] One scholar writes, "The ruins of the temple and monasteries at Pāhāpur do not bear any evident marks of large-scale destruction. The downfall of the establishment, by desertion or destruction, must have been sometime in the midst of the widespread unrest and displacement of population consequent on the Muslim invasion."[8]
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ReplyDeletevanrman rulers of vanga(varman)ဆိုသည္မွာ ျဝမန္ ၊ဝရမန္၊ျဗမန္၊ဗရမန္
ဲျဗဟၼဏ္ ျဖစ္ၿပီးဟိႏၵဴအယူသီးျဗဟၼဏမ်ိဳးႏြယ္ဝင္မ်ားျဖစ္ၿပီး ၎တို ့၏ဘုရင္မွာ
vanga(ဝဂၤ) ဗံဂ၊ဗန္ဂ၊ ျဖစ္သည္၊၎ဗန္ဂမွသည္ဗဂၤလားျဖစ္လာသည္။၎
ဗဂၤ(ဝဂၤ)ဘုရင္သည္ဟိႏၵဴအယူသီးဇာတ္ႀကီးဝါဒီျဖစ္ၿပီး somapura mahavihara(ေသာမပူရမဟာဝိဟာရ)အားဖ်က္ဆီးမီးရွဳိ ့သူျဖစ္ၿပီး vipulashrimitra(ဝိပူလသိရီိေမတၱယ်ေထရ္)အားမီးေလာင္တိုက္သြင္းကာ
အရွင္လတ္လတ္ဖုတ္ၾကည္းသၿဂၤ ိဳလ္ခဲ့သူျဖစ္သည္။ထိုအခ်ိန္တြင္ဗဂၤလား
ျပည္အားမူဆလင္မ်ားမေရာက္ရွိခဲ့ေသးေပ။မူဆလင္မ်ားဗဂၤလားျပည္အား
ဝင္ေရာက္သိမ္းပိုက္သည့္ကာလမွာ၁၃ရာစုျဖစ္ေလသည္။ဤသမိုင္းအေထာက္
အထားမ်ားကိုအထက္၌ေဖၚျပထားေသာ banglapeadia somapura mahavihara ႏွင့္ somapura mahavihara wikipeadia တို ့မွေကာက္ႏုတ္
တင္ျပထားျခင္းျဖစ္သည္။မဟာဝိဟာရအားဖ်က္ဆီးခဲ့သည့္ကာလမွာ ၁၁ရာစု
ျဖစ္သည္။ဟိႏၵဴမ်ားဖ်က္ဆီးၿပီးေနာင္ႏွစ္ေပါင္းႏွစ္ရာေလာက္မွမူဆလင္မ်ား
ဝင္ေရာက္ခဲ့ျခင္းပင္ျဖစ္သည္။
vipulashrimitra(ဝိပူလသိရီေမတၱယ်)ေထရ္ရဲ့ဘိုးေဘးမ်ိဳးႏြယ္ဝင္ျဖစ္တဲ့karunashrimitra(ကရုဏသိရီေမတၱယ်ေထရ္)ႀကီးအားမီးေလာင္တိုက္
ReplyDeleteအသြင္းခံရျခင္းျဖစ္ပါတယ္။အထက္မွာကၽြန္ေတာ္တင္ျပထားတဲ့ေနရာမွာ
အမည္မွားသြားသျဖင့္အခုလိုျပန္လည္တင္ျပရျခင္းျဖစ္ပါတယ္။
ေလ့လာခြင့္ ရတဲ့အတြက္ ေက်ဇူးအထူး တင္ရွိပါတယ္.....
ReplyDeletethanks for the value notes
ReplyDelete